Closeout! This small, light Roman Parma or Parmula Shield is made of steel and has an antique brass finish with two fixed leather arm straps.  The Parmula was a round, light shield useful to soldiers engaged in Gladiatorial  marches. It made them lighter and more mobile. Lacking the heft of the larger Roman shields, the Parma  served well in close-quarter combat and was also favored by mounted soldiers. The center bulge of the parmula shield is not so pronounced as that of the Pugnum shield, but the shield is much  larger than the pugnum.This authenticate replica measures over 23 inches in diameter and weighs 4 pounds 10 ounces.